On 17 December 1903 the brothers Wilbur and Orville Wright made the first successful flight in a fully controlled aircraft. It is given preference in the creation of the first aircraft, although some consider that earlier in this case Alberto Santos-Dumont. It should be clarified that the Wright brothers were the first people to fly a plane in flight. Experiments without human intervention during the flight were conducted in the past.
Fundamental is the development of three axes of rotation, which allows to effectively manage the aircraft and to keep it in the air. In fact, modern aircraft all operate on the same principle. In 1903 the Wright brothers built the powered “Flyer-1”. As previously designed the gliders, the aircraft was built of spruce. The propeller diameter of 2.6 m, wingspan — 12 meters Aluminium petrol engine the brothers gathered in their bike shop. The first attempt at flight of “Flyer 1” was unsuccessful. December 14, 1903 the plane took off and immediately crashed to the ground. Affected human factors, such as the aircraft hitherto no one has yet managed. After a little cosmetic repair on December 17, Orville Wright took to the air “Flyer-1”. 283-pound plane when it flew to a height of about three meters and flew only 36.5 meters. Immediately at a speed of about 42 km/h was able to cover a distance of 60 meters. The role was witnessed by five people.
22 may 1906 the brothers received US patent No. 821393 for a “Flying machine”. Ever since Wilbur and Orville were constantly involved in patent wars. The most famous story with the Smithsonian Institute, who proudly put the aircraft “Aerodrome” in its Museum as the first heavier than air machine, suitable for powered flight with the engine, pushing the development and achievement of the Wright brothers by the wayside. In fact, their aircraft experienced in October and December 1903, and could not successfully pass the tests. The dispute lasted for ten years, but justice eventually prevailed.
The first flight of “Flyer 1”
December 17, 2007 was submitted to 3-Way SLI. More precisely, in this day NVIDIA has introduced a chipset nForce 780i SLI and nForce 750i SLI capable.
SLI (scalable link interface) technology that allows you to combine multiple graphics cards in one array. Was first used by the company 3dfx, which made it possible to install multiple Voodoo graphics adapters in the system unit. After absorbing all the technical achievements become the property of NVIDIA. Therefore, 3-Way SLI is the ability to combine up to three graphics cards. But still there is Quad SLI.
In theory, the use of three graphics cards should triple the performance in computer games. However, limitations in 3-Way SLI abound. The first aspect is financial. This technology supports only top-end 3D accelerators. This means that the purchase of three devices, as they say, will cost you a pretty penny. Plus you will have to invest in the other components. For example, a system based on chipset Z87/Z97/Z170 Express has excellent overall performance, however even it will not be enough for 3-Way SLI, because the Haswell CPUs have an integrated PCI Express controller on all 16 lines. Fee without additional logic will be able to work with three graphics cards under the scheme x8+x8+x4. So it’s not an option. You need to either look for a motherboard with a PLX bridge (obvious example — the MSI Z97 XPOWER AC, scheme of work — x16-x8-x8), or to appeal to a very expensive platform, X99 Express.
The second limitation, which directly affects the performance, relates to the optimization of drivers and game applications. Here is a quote posted on the company’s official website: “NVIDIA SLI Technology is a revolutionary platform that allows the flexibility to change graphics performance by combining multiple NVIDIA graphics solutions in a single system with an SLI-certified motherboard. Using proprietary software algorithms and a special scaling logic in each GPU, SLI technology offers two-fold increase in performance with 2 boards and 2.8-fold with 3 in comparison with a single graphics solution.” That is, the developer claims that 3-Way SLI will not give a threefold advantage in comparison with a single graphics card. It is worth considering that stated 2.8 x magnification can be achieved far not in all games, and not in all modes.
Most interesting is that in recent times are constantly out of the game who have problems with the SLI technology. The examples are not far to seek. From the latest releases problems observed in SLI Just Cause 3 and Assassin’s Creed Syndicate. But these games were created with the direct involvement of NVIDIA. Alarming trend.
The third limitation — limited opportunities the rest of the iron. This primarily applies to the CPU. With increasing number of GPUs in the system the load on it increases greatly. Therefore, you may receive the effect of processorepiemonte, which usually materializes in the form of a lack of increase in fps. This limitation is observed in Full-HD and WQHD.
NVIDIA 3-Way SLI
On December 17, 2008, Toshiba, IBM and AMD have created the smallest at the time the SRAM memory cell. The area of this cell was comprised of 0.128 μm2. In the development of applied technology and FinFET 20-nanometer process technology. In the construction of the cell was used for materials with high dielectric constant and metal gate HKMG (high-k/metal gate). Recall that in 2008 was considered the most advanced 45-nanometer process technology. Over time, Intel has released a commercially successful version of the integrated circuits produced on 32-nm, 22-nm and 14-nm process technology. Already being developed for implementation of 10-nm and 7-nm and 5-nm standards. And all using technology FinFET.
The SRAM cell memory