October 2, 1836, the famous scientist Charles Darwin returned from the voyage around the world. This expedition, which lasted nearly 5 years, helped Darwin to form the theory of evolution and to turn biology from a set of profound speculation in a scientific discipline.
Charles Darwin
The journey Darwin took almost five years, during which he managed to find the remains of ancient animals, exotic plants, and recorded the changes of organic nature for thousands of years existence on Earth.
As soon as the facts had accumulated enough for scientific work, Darwin published a famous book “Origin of species” in which he described evolutionary mechanisms coupled with the laws of natural selection. After that, mankind rushed aggressive to argue about the origin and possible transition types between man and the animals.
Scheme world travel Darwin in the ship “Beagle”
2 Oct 1956 at the exhibition in new York was shown the world’s first production atomic clock. Prior to that precise time meters were used only in the closed scientific laboratories. Watch “Atomichron” did not become a bestseller and sold only 50 copies, but on this type of devices today hold many of the benefits of civilization.
In contrast to all other forms of hours, the fluctuations in these hours occur not at the mechanical level (wheels and gears), and the nucleus and between the electrons around it.
Due to the complex design and an expensive model with “atom” at the heart are almost always used in industries where accurate time is critical, and the clock of classical design distort time due to the harsh conditions of use. All satellite navigation, autopilots in cars and planes, the mobile station, military vehicles and weapons (missiles, for example) work with an eye on precise measurements of atomic clocks. International standard for the second time, too, was fixed after the measurement on these devices.
The world’s first commercial atomic clock “Atomichron”
The error in the measurement of time using atomic clocks, of course, exists, but it is ridiculously small — some instances of wrong by 1 second for a few billion (!) years. At the heart of modern atomic clocks most often is the cesium-133 as the most practical, stable and not radioactive (in hours are simply not going nuclear decay) element.
2 Oct 2005 the American Association for record companies (RIAA) filed a record number of lawsuits against users of file-sharing networks. From 757 people were accused of illegal downloading and distribution of music files. In addition to individual Internet users the blame, for example, students at Harvard University and the University of southern California, who allegedly abused high speed Internet in the workplace and engaged in downloading music. Already in 2005, the number of lawsuits filed by the RIAA against their users has exceeded 7 thousand.
The logo of the American Association of recording companies
Few people know that initially this infamous Association was created only in order to define the format and characteristics of media music: records, cassettes and CDs. And then the RIAA took over the main purpose of running around with lawsuits for anyone who has downloaded or uploaded music file without payment of fees to the franchisor.
The organization not too restrict themselves to the scope of claims to those who illegally download music — in 2010 the company ordered the American jammy Thomas to pay of 1.92 million dollars for 24 songs downloaded from the Internet. After the proceedings before the court, this amount decreased to 54 thousand dollars (think of it, 3.5 million rubles for a half album of songs). By the way, in 2005 the Senate of the United States threatened Russia with trade restrictions, but China tried to intimidate with the exception of the WTO for a prosperous Internet piracy, for which “the US economy loses 4 billion, thus reducing jobs.”
Recall that in may 2015 in Russia there is a new version of the anti-piracy law, according to which the sites regularly violate the law of copyright, subject to permanent locking.