On June 26 1997 Ericsson, Motorola, Nokia, and Unwired Planet (known as the developer of the NetFront browser) teamed up to develop mobile Internet called WAP. Technology is completely sounded like Wireless Application Protocol — wireless data transfer Protocol and was designed to display the websites on the phones, “monochrome” era.
From enterprises to implement wireless Internet is a year has passed and the first pancake, as usual, came out lumpy – WAP 1.0 contained a huge number of flaws and was more like a concept of how phone manufacturers see the mobile Internet than on the actual usable online Protocol.
Really popular was a modified version of WAP 1.1, released in 1999, which the developers subsequently slightly “finished”, without changing anything fundamentally. The result of this activity was the appearance of those sites with a grey background and blue links — a monument of WAP 1.x.
For many users of WAP was the first and unforgettable window into the Internet
The Foundation became WAP WML — it is a “desktop computer” HTML beginning of the two thousandth only limited possibilities to such an extent that the absorption of cell phones, which had mastered the polyphonic ringtones and is often not even supported MMS.
Internet access from your mobile phone at the dawn of the advent of WAP in Russia was not cheap (especially when the connection to him was conducted through a telephone line with per-minute billing by CSD technology), but the end justifies the means. First, then, “the younger brother Worldwide Web were much more informative than the stupid “horoscopes-jokes” in SMS for which mobile operators charging subscribers a fantastic amount. Secondly, on the basis of online access everywhere, where they caught the network the cell phones exploded on the Internet chats, forums, and other simple means of communication between strangers, including on the territory of our vast country. A sense of free communication was incomparable to a primitive text-based sites was full of life, and our fellow citizens become attached to their phones, intensely debated and shared information and sometimes even fell in love online.
Followed in 2005 with the release of WAP 2.0 has brought a markup language xHTML and CSS support in abbreviated form — it was enough that the sites were finally colored, and modern (for the time) mobiles have learned to fill their drives with ringtones, pictures, Java games and for owners of particularly “tough” models — videos. Many websites, however, work in two versions, one with a monochrome WAP 1.x, who was “tough” any cell phones with Internet access and WAP 2.0, which was much more opportunity for powerful devices.
Mobile sites based on WAP 2.0 began to look much more attractive
From phones WAP the Internet has gone from the first “nail in the coffin” was the release of the Opera Mini browser, which allowed to look out in the “big Internet” with a low-powered mobile phone. And then the smartphones based on Symbian and Windows Mobile got better and somehow learned to open the sites that used JavaScript with all its interactive features. The final transition to the web sites took place after the announcement of the Apple iPhone in 2007 when the issue of mobile devices not able to work with web sites without adaptation, has become a rarity.
26 may 1974 was scanned the first barcode. This honor was awarded to the Wrigley chewing gum in a supermarket in Ohio, and the first scanner, the Magellan Model A was not faster and weighed more than 50 kg. But such trifles in those days, nobody cared, and the long lines on the packages since then have become a symbol of shops and automatic data collection at all.
Barcode as identification method of the subject was invented back in 1949, a graduate student of Drexel University by Bernard silver and a teacher Drechselschule Institute Norman Joseph Woodland. However, a modified version of the transcript of the Morse code were not accepted by the business community seriously and for a long time remained without attention on the part of business.
The first carrier bar code in the store was the 10-pack of Juicy Fruit gum
Today the most common type of sigcode is the standard EAN. Depending on the purpose, codes can be international (read without problems in any country, specific to export goods and postal parcels), the national (products for the domestic market and not intended for export abroad) and local (each firm is free to fence his identification of goods).
Despite the fact that barcodes became ubiquitous, the inventors got for his idea ridiculous money, Bernard silver died in a car accident 12 years before the American gum was officially scanned in the supermarket. Woodland received the National medal for merits in the field of technology from George H. W. Bush in 1992, but all dividends from the patent for the barcode was moved to the RCA company, where the inventors had sold his invention long before this marking of products has become an accepted standard.
May 26, 2013 South Korean Telecom operator SK Telecom launched the world’s first 4G network. Data transmission in such cellular network can reach up to 150 Mbps, which is about 2 times faster than the first revision of LTE and 10 times faster than the 3G connection.
On this occasion, Samsung has even released a special version of Galaxy S4 (SHV-E330S), compatible with next generation networks. The construction of the revolutionary fast cellular network was launched with the country’s capital, Seoul, and before the end of 2013, the operator has promised to provide subscribers a minimum of 7 models of smartphones that are able to operate at the maximum available for the LTE-A speeds.
To launch LTE-Advanced in South Korea, Samsung has submitted a modification Galaxy S4
Russia, as is known, no common yardstick to measure, so what we have presented as 4G, in reality it was an intermediate type of network “just LTE”, even so, introduced distinctive.
First license for 4G had “Skartel”, popularly known as Yota. Since 2008 this statement all the fed “Breakfast”, promising a massive overhaul of outdated WiMAX for LTE. However, without changes in the legislative framework commissioning networks similar to the European one, promised the problems with the state in the bad old traditions all the frequencies, which employ LTE cell phones in the neighboring countries were occupied by the military.
In 2011, the “big three” of cellular operators in the company with “Rostelecom” has made to the frequencies allowed to be used for cellular communications, a licensed monopoly Skartel shattered for the rest of the market participants. Conceived and managed to bring, if not to take into account thrown beyond the competition operator Tele2 is, even despite the company’s experience in deploying LTE networks in Sweden.
The first launch of LTE networks in Russia under the Yota brand in Novosibirsk and was in December 2011. And from the “big three” first introduced LTE network MegaFon in Novosibirsk, but already in April 2012.
Genuine 4G the that LTE-Advanced, the Russians were metered portions — at the end of 2012 a pilot project on the capacity of the Yota in February – in the networks of MegaFon within the Garden ring in Moscow (though already advanced, with a maximum speed up to 300 Mbps), and in August 2014, Beeline network with a maximum speed of 115 Mbit/s.
Worldwide 4G as 4G, and Russia — plus!
Since buyers have already been labeled as “noodles on the ears” when LTE is promoted under the brand of 4G, marketers of the “big three” has invented a unique name networks, like 4G or 4.5 G, which of course added to the mess in our already diverse market. But it is not important — the fact that network development is ongoing, and the stagnation which took place during the transition from EDGE to 3G, will not be repeated in the near future.