August 13, 1898 was opened the first near-earth asteroid Eros (433). Consider the near-earth potentially hazardous asteroids that may in the near future to approach the Earth at a distance less than or equal to 7,5х106 km. Tried German astronomer Carl Gustav Witt, employed at the time in the Urania Observatory. The name of the asteroid named after Eros — Greek God of love and eternal companion of Aphrodite. At the moment, its diameter is 16,84 km and a weight of 6,7х1015 kg. It is the second largest near earth asteroid, inferior to “Ganymede” (1036) (km of 31, 66, 3,3х1016 kg). It is considered that the impact potential of “Eros” in the event of his falling to the Ground will be greater than the potential of the space object that formed the crater “Chicxulub” by calling, as we know, the extinction of the dinosaurs. But it will happen relatively soon.
Eros intersects the orbit of Mars and approaching Earth. In 1996, he published his results of dynamic analyses of movement over the next two million years. Namely, it was found that the asteroid is in orbital resonance with Mars, that is, the orbit of “Eros” can be changed later. And then it will intersect with the orbit of the Earth. In the framework of the research, which examined eight potential orbits “Eros”, three of them evolved to a state of crossing the Earth’s orbit during these two million years. One of the orbits may lead to clash with the “Eros” through 1.14 million years. Astronomers believe that the next 100 000 years the planet is no threat of a collision with this asteroid.
“Eros”, as befits the near-earth space body, visible from our planet. On 31 January 2012, the asteroid passed at a distance of approximately 26,7 million kilometers from Earth (about 70 of the distance from the earth to the moon). However, such convergence occur on average every two and a half years.
February 14, 2000 “Eros” has got its own artificial satellite. They became the spacecraft NEAR Shoemaker, committed a little later, the first ever landing on an asteroid. Studies have shown that the composition “Eros” and includes a range of precious metals with a total value of about 20 trillion U.S. dollars.
Asteroid Eros (433)
August 13, 2002, Intel officially introduced the 90-nanometer process technology. The first chips produced according to these standards, steel chip SRAM with a capacity of 52 Mbps. The composition of the chip includes more than 330 million transistors with a useful chip area of 109 mm2.
In fact, all the existing technologies is much more difficult. So, used the CMOS transistors with the length of the bolt to 50 nm. And his thin oxide layer was only 1.2 nm (less than five atomic distance of silicon). As you can see, even then the chip was a daunting task. What to talk about, say, the 14-nm technology! In the production of 90-nm chips used 300-mm silicon wafer with the total number of transistors than 120 billion.
The first Central processor, fabricated in a 90 nm technology, are mobile chips, the Pentium M, introduced in March 2003. The first table “stones” were different versions of the Pentium 4 based on the Prescott architecture, which was announced in February 2004. These decisions could boast the presence of 125 million transistors and a very high clock frequency up to 3.8 GHz.
90-nm process technology in action
13 August 2009 AMD released their CPU-record — Phenom II X4 965 Black Edition. He functioned on the UN-reachable until the 3.4 GHz. This chip was the first chetyrehjadernogo with such speed. Top Intel, as you know, functioned on a slightly more modest frequency of 3.33 GHz. Processor Phenom II X4 965 Black Edition, as with the entire line, was successful and in great demand. Although Intel was the performance. But the “Reds” took the low price and the ability to use both DDR3 and DDR2.
AMD Phenom II X4 965 Black Edition