Penalty – one of those elements of games that make football particularly interesting. So it was that a penalty is completely unfair to the goalie. Statistics show that the chances to reflect a ball in the goalkeeper is almost there. However, this can be corrected with the knowledge of economists.
Some data on penalties:
- In 2014, 72.5 percent of the penalty in the world Cup were filled.
- The goalkeeper is 0.4 seconds trying to hit the shot. During this time you can blink.
- To strike required 0.1 seconds.
- The average ball speed of 110 kilometers per hour.
- The direction of the ball, the goalkeeper can only be understood at the level of 7.5 meters.
- The goalkeeper requires an additional 0.5 seconds to react and hit the ball. After this time, the ball usually is in goal.
It turns out that the goalkeeper has to react before there will be a strike. It is a widely known fact. Or have to rely on luck, or on game theory. Economist Ignacio Palacios-Huerta proved that game theory can bring a good result for football goalkeepers.
Game theory is a popular strategy in the economy. It is based on predicting the opponent’s actions. Ignacio Palacios-Huerta studied 11 thousand penalty kicks. He identified trends, which are typical for certain players, and tried to predict their actions in the future. In 2008, he turned to give an accurate forecast.
In the Champions League final there were commands of Chelsea and Manchester United. The star of Manchester United Cristiano Ronaldo reached the line to take a penalty. At this point, the goalkeeper Chelsea had the opportunity to take the advice of Ignacio Palacios-Huerta. The economist told the Keeper that if Ronaldo stops during the run, almost certainly the ball will fly right. The Council worked and the goalkeeper was able to parry. However, the day Manchester United all the same won.
Anyway, now goalies can improve their chances during a penalty shoot-out. To help them unable economists.
If you like football and you follow the 2018 world Cup, find out how it works, videoreferee. In addition, you can learn the incorrect prediction that did artificial intelligence.
Unfair penalty for a goalkeeper, but to fix it
Ernest Vasilevskiy