A quantum computer is a computing device that uses the phenomena of quantum mechanics to transmit and process the data. The idea of quantum computing was independently proposed by Yuri mininum and Richard Feynman in the early 80-ies of the last century. Since then has done tremendous work on creating a quantum computer. However, a full-fledged universal quantum computer is still a hypothetical device, the possibility of the development of which is associated with a serious development of quantum theory. To date was created by single experimental system algorithm with small complexity. How does a quantum computer — this is in the news today!
The main difference between a quantum computer from the classical one consists in the presentation of information. In conventional computers, based on transistors and silicon chips to process information uses a binary code. Bit, as you know, has two basic States — zero and one, and can only be in one of them. As for the quantum computer, his work is based on the principle of superposition, and instead of bits the quantum bits, called qubits. The qubit also has two basic States: zero and one. However, due to the superposition of the qubit values can be obtained by their combination, and to be in all these States simultaneously. This is the parallelism of quantum computing, then there is no need to iterate over all possible States of the system. In addition, to describe the exact state of the system quantum computer does not need huge computing power and memory, so as to calculate a system of 100 particles need only 100 qubits, not a trillion trillion bits.
It is also worth noting that changing the state of a particular qubit in a quantum computer leads to a change in the status of other particles, which is another difference from a conventional computer. And this change can be managed. The process of working of a quantum computer was proposed by the British theoretical physicist David Deutsch in 1995, when he created a chain capable of performing any computation on a quantum level. According to his scheme, for a start does the set of qubits and are set to their initial settings. Then performs the necessary conversion using the logical operations and write the resulting value, which is the result given by the computer. The role of the wires are the qubits and the transformations make the logical blocks.
According to scientists, quantum computers will be millions of times more powerful than the current. Already described a variety of algorithms a quantum computer, and even develop special programming languages. According to the forecast of researchers at Cisco Systems, a full working quantum computer will be available by the middle of the next decade. The leader in this field is Japan: more than 70% of all studies came to this country.
How does it work? | A quantum computer
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