Never wanted to go somewhere another time? No, not with the usual speed at which we are “bored” going forward — second by second. Either:
- faster to be able to get far into the future, remaining in the old age;
- slower, to be able to do much more than others for the same period of time;
- back to return to the era of the past and change it, perhaps changing the future or even the present?
It might seem totally sci-Fi, but not everything in this list is purely “fantastic” journey through time is a scientific process possible, which is always with you. The only question is, how to manipulate it to their advantage and control the movement in time.
When in 1905 Einstein proposed the special theory of relativity, the understanding that every massive object in the Universe must travel back in time, was the only one of its striking consequences. We also learned that photons or other massless particles do not experience time in its frame of reference in General: from the moment when one of them is emitted until it is absorbed, only a massive observers (like us) can see the time. From the perspective of a photon the whole universe is compressed into one point, and the absorption and radiation occur simultaneously in time, instantly.
But we have a lot. And everything that has mass, constrained to always travel at a speed less than the speed of light in vacuum. And not only that, but no matter how fast you move relative to something-you are accelerated or not, no matter — your light will always move with the same constant speed C, the speed of light in vacuum. This is a powerful observation and awareness comes with an amazing result: if you observe moving relative to you, its clock will go slower for you.
Imagine a “light clock” or clock which work on the principle of reflection of light back and forth in the up-down direction between the two mirrors. The faster the person is moving relative to you, the greater will be the speed of light in the transverse (lengthwise) direction and not in the up and down direction and therefore, the slower will go watch.
Similarly, your watch will move slower relative to them; they will see the time flowing more slowly for you. When you will come together again, one of you will be older and the other younger.
But who?
Such is the nature of the “twin paradox” of Einstein. Short answer: assuming that you started out in the same reference system (e.g., at rest on the Ground), and get into the same frame of reference later, will age less than the traveler, because for him time will go slower, and the one who stayed home, are experiencing “normal” over time.
So if you want to rapidly move through time, you will have to accelerate to near the speed of light, move at the same pace for a while, and then return to its original position. Have a little turn. Do this and you will be able to move for days, months, decade, era, or billions of years into the future (depending on gear of course).
You could witness the evolution and destruction of mankind; the end of the Earth and Sun; the dissociation of our galaxy; heat death of the Universe itself. Until you have enough energy on a space ship, you will be able to look that far into the future as you want.
But coming back is another story. Simple special relativity, or the relation between space and time at a basic level, was enough to take us into the future. But if we want to go back, back in time, we will need the General theory of relativity, or the relation between space-time and matter and energy. In this case, we regard space and time as inseparable fabric and matter and energy — as something that distorts this fabric, causes changes in the tissue.
For our Universe as we know it, space-time is quite boring: it is almost perfectly smooth, almost not curved, and in any form is not isolated.
But in some of the simulated universes — in some solutions of Einstein’s General theory of relativity — you can create a closed loop. If the space loops in itself, you can move in one direction for a long, long time to get back to where we started.
Well, there are not only closed curves prostranstvennye, but closed time-like curves. Closed time-like curve implies that you can literally travel back in time, to live in certain conditions and return to the same point from which they emerged.
It’s a mathematical decision. This mathematics describes our physical Universe? This doesn’t seem to. Curvature and/or discontinuities, which we need for this Universe, wildly inconsistent with what we observe even near neutron stars and black holes: the most extreme examples of curvature in our Universe.
Our universe can spin on a global scale, but observed limits of rotation 100 000 000 times harder those that admit closed time-like curves that we need. If you want to go forward in time, you will need relativistic DeLorean.
But ago? Maybe it would be better if you can’t go back in time not to prevent your father to marry your mother.
In General, summing up, we can conclude that travel back in time will always fascinate people at the level of ideas, but, most likely, will remain unattainable in the future (how ironic). It is not impossible mathematically, but the universe is built on physics that is a special subset of mathematical solutions. Based on the fact that we watched our dreams to correct our mistakes by going into the past will probably remain only in our imaginations.
Is it possible to travel in time from the point of view of science?
Ilya Hel