Impressive so far On June 16, 1963, the Vostok-6 spacecraft was launched with Valentina Tereshkova, the first female cosmonaut. At that time she was 26 years old, and to this day she remains the only woman in the world who flew into space without a crew, one on one with a spacecraft. Discuss
Especially for this flight, scientists have developed a special design of a spacesuit, adapted for the female body, and also modified some elements of the spacecraft for the capabilities of a woman. During the flight, an error was discovered, due to which the ship could not land, since the orbit was not directed towards Earth, but in the opposite direction. With the help of Yuri Gagarin and Sergey Korolev, programmers from Earth were able to reconfigure the ship and Valentina Tereshkova successfully completed the flight. Vostok-6 became the last manned spacecraft in the Vostok program, which began on April 12, 1961 with the Vostok-1 spacecraft and Yuri Gagarin's flight into space. Interestingly, exactly 49 years after Tereshkova's flight, on June 16, 2012, the first female astronaut from China flew into space on the Shenzhou-8 spacecraft.
How Tereshkova flew into space alone
Since Tereshkova became a deputy of the United Russia party and began to lead a social and political life, criticism in her relation has increased like an avalanche. And the proposal to zero the terms of office of the current President Putin and extend his powers for a long time to come, to put it mildly, did not meet with understanding among many Russians. For this, Tereshkova can and, perhaps, should be criticized.
Postage stamp named after V.V. Tereshkova
But the next time you accidentally spill tea or borscht on your knees, just think, what would you shine with your luck during the same flight as Tereshkova's – one on one with space, without extraordinary physical training, with guaranteed death for any an oversight or technical malfunction (electronics in those years was little better than the constantly flapping home tube TVs), without the ability to quickly and with high-quality sound get in touch with the Earth in order to at least say goodbye before death. And even to go back it was necessary for more than a day, and then to be conscious and alert in order to open the parachute in time.
Incomparably higher requirements than those required to shout calls to lynch the first female astronaut from an anonymous Internet account, don't you think?
Valentina Tereshkova at the Blue Light in 1963
And on June 16th …
… IBM was founded in 1911. The corporation was originally called CTR (Computing Tabulating Recording). It included the Computing Scale Company of America, the Tabulating Machine Company, and the International Time Recording Company. The combined company put on the market a wide range of equipment: perforating machines, scales, cheese slicers and even time tracking devices. In 1914, Thomas Watson was invited to the post of CEO and after that the company concentrated on building large tabulation machines. The name IBM appeared only in 1924, when the company entered the Canadian market and significantly expanded its product range, since that time it is called International Business Machines.
IBM building in Silicon Valley, 1943
During its existence, the corporation has significantly influenced the development of the information technology industry, and for many companies, competition with IBM has become an impetus for development.
The Cavendish Physics Laboratory at the University of Cambridge was opened on June 16, 1874. It became one of the world centers of experimental physics, chemistry, biology and other sciences. It was led by James Maxwell, Ernest Rutherford, Lord Rayleigh and other famous scientists. It was here that they managed to artificially split an atomic nucleus, discovered a neutron, built a model of the structure of DNA, made a Wilson chamber, a mass spectrometer and a linear accelerator. The motto of the laboratory at all times is the phrase of James Maxwell: “I never dissuade a person from trying to conduct this or that experiment; if he does not find what he is looking for, he may discover something else. ” The laboratory works to this day, and by 2012, 29 of the research staff had received Nobel Prizes.
Cavendish Lab now